Is Financial Compensation Beneficial Or Detrimental In An Empowerment E

Introduction What is an Empowerment ? Basically empowerment means giving the employee the ability to do their work, i.e. through the right training, the right environment, the right information, the right tools and the authority that they need. It is thought that by giving the employee increased power and responsibility that the employee will have increased motivation. Organisations have developed a number of new programs in which it is hoped that employees will have empowerment and so increased motivation. What is an Empowerment Program ? There are six different forms of empowerment programs. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Performance. This gives employees rewards in relation to their performance on the job. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gain Sharing. Employees are rewarded when performance targets are met. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). Employees are given shares in the company and so co-own the company which allow them to share in the improved profit performance. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lump-Sum Bonuses. Rewards are given to employees in a lump sum based on performance. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pay for Knowledge. When employees learn new skills they are rewarded. This leads employees to learn new skills and so become more flexable within a company. vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flexible Work Schedules. Workers can set their own working times. Motivation Motivation is a force which pushes a person to take a particular course of action, i.e. being motivated to go to school, to get something out of it, be it, to learn new things or just to get a good job out of it at the end which will bring high earnings. A basic model of motivation is shown below: NEED  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BEHAVIOR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REWARD This shows motivation in action, from the previous example we can show that the need is the desire to learn or to get a good job, the behavior is to go to college or university and then the reward is gaining knowledge or a good job. There are two different types of reward ; intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic are rewards gained in performing an action, i.e. f... ...with his two factors that workers have a set of motivators that it is best to concentrate on as this will lead to more job satisfaction and so improved motivation, of these motivators none of these were financial rewards. Improving financial rewards will lead to less job dissatisfaction and not job satisfaction or improved motivation for the work. Taylor argues that workers are like donkeys and that money is the main motivation, this is because in the capitalistic world today money does make a lot of difference and as in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to satisfy the lower levels of the needs, money does make the difference and employees will be influenced by the amount of money that they can have, it will leave them feeling secure. Overall I feel that financial rewards can be very beneficial in an empowerment program and lead to job satisfaction which will lead to increased motivation from workers. Bibliography Management, Fourth Edition. Richard L. Daft. Business Information Technology, Systems, Theories and Practise. Geoffrey Elliot and Susan Starkings. The Practise of Management. Peter F. Drucker. Information Systems – A Management Prospective, Second Edition. Stephen Alter.

Ptlls Ass 1 Essay

Understanding your own role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning * Explain your role within lifelong learning and summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice, relating to you and your role. When considering the role of a Lifelong Learning teacher a good place to start is the teaching and learning cycle. There are five stages to the teaching and learning cycle: identifying needs; planning learning; facilitating learning; assessing learning; and evaluating. My role as a teacher includes identifying needs, which is done through an initial assessment. The typical way to identify needs as an assessor is to ask the learner to fill out a needs assessment form at the start of the course. The form could include anything that would be relevant to the teacher to ensure that there are no barriers to learning and that the learner has equal access to learning. For example, information on the learner’s previous educational achievements, current learning level, functional skills tests, any disabilities, or any specific needs (such as availability) should be gathered during the identifying needs stage. From the initial assessment, the teacher can identify each learners needs and ensure that these are incorporated into the planning stage of the cycle. The planning stage includes ensuring the health and safety of learners by carrying out a risk assessment and completing appropriate schemes of work and lessons plans, including any allowances for learner needs identified in the initial assessment. Lesson plans must also include aims and objectives and activities and assessments that will ensure these are met. Having sound plans in place ensure that the teacher is well prepared with all of the necessary equipment and resources required to meet learner needs. A good teacher will continually return to their plan, adjusting it to meet the needs of learners as they progress through the course. With a thorough plan, facilitating learning will be a much easier task for the teacher. It’s the teacher’s role to ensure that they treat each learner equally and fairly. The teacher must also ensure that learners treat each other with  respect – ice breakers and ground rules help to address and challenge any inappropriate behaviour. A good teacher will facilitate learning using a variety of approaches and resources to meet the planned aims and objectives and learner needs. The teacher should also embed functional skills in the lesson. A vital role of the teacher is to assess whether learning has taken place. This should be done at the end of the course (summative) and periodically throughout each stage or lesson (formative). The teacher uses assessment to check that the planned aims and objectives have been met. Assessment activities can include observation, assignments, question and answer, and witness testimony. If learning has not taken place, the teacher must revisit the objective either individually or as a group. It’s a good idea to have ‘plan b’ activities prepared to try a different approach, just in case learning doesn’t take place the first time around. When the course is over, it’s the teacher’s role to gain feedback from the learners in order to reflect on and evaluate their teaching methods, approaches, and resources. The teacher should make changes and improvements where necessary. Another important aspect of the teacher’s role is ensuring that they adhere to legislative requirements (law) and any codes of practice that might have been set by an awarding body or their employer. The key pieces of legislation and codes of practice that apply to my role include: * Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) – risk assessment * The Data Protection Act (2003) – safe storage and use of data to protect learner from any security breaches * Every Child Matters (ECM) – lesson plans should indicate opportunities where the five outcomes can be met * The Human Right Act (1998) – need to consider issues of equality, diversity, and inclusion * Safeguarding – have a duty to report any action that could cause serious harm to a learner or another person * Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (1995) – need to consider issues of equality. Awarding body and employer codes of practice, policies, and procedures * Explain how you would identify and meet the needs of your learners whilst promoting equality and valuing diversity within your role I would identify the needs of my learners by using an initial assessment. I would take any needs identified in the initial assessment into account when planning learning to include a range of activities to meet differing levels,  a range of approaches and resources to meet different learning styles, and taking into consideration any learner disabilities or potential challenges. In order to promote inclusion in the classroom I would ensure that I treat all learners equally by not favouring learners or identifying any disabilities or protected characteristics in front of other learners. I would value diversity by drawing on each leaner’s experiences to contribute to rich and varied group discussions. For example, a quick initial assessment to see if any learners have prior kn owledge will enable me to draw on their experiences to help their peers. 2. Understanding relationships between teachers/trainers and other professionals in Lifelong Learning. Explain the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles and summarise your own responsibilities in relation to other professionals The teacher must understand where their role (in cases where they are not qualified to support the learner), their own limitations, and when to refer a learner to another qualified professional. In relation to other professionals, it is my responsibility to know who to refer the learner to or where I can find appropriate information for the learner, I must observe learner confidentiality at all times and only personally refer the learner to other professionals nominated under codes of practice (otherwise I must direct the learner to the source of help), I have a responsibility to report safeguarding issues to the police or another qualified professional, and I must observe data protection legislation at all times when referring learners. I also need to cooperate and communicate effectively with other professionals to ensure that the learner’s needs are met. * Describe the points of referral you may use to meet the learner’s needs Support teachers within the institution – many colleges have support teachers who would be able to assist learners with dyslexia or with language issues that are creating barriers to learning. I would be able to directly refer the learner to a support teacher if I thought that it would aid learning. Citizens Advice Bureau – learners often experience barriers to learning and motivation if they have legal or financial stresses in their personal life, which will need to be overcome if learning is to take place. The Citizens Advice Bureau offers free legal advice on financial and other issues. I would not be able to directly refer the learner to the Citizens Advice Bureau, but it is my responsibility to hold contact information or know where it can be sought. Childcare providers – again, a learner with childcare issues may experience barriers to learning. I would not directly refer the learner to a childcare provider (unless they were within a college or educational institution) but I have a responsibility to advise the learner on where they can find access to child care advice and guidance. 3. Understanding own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment. Explain how you are responsible for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment within your role and ways that you would promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others To provide a safe supportive environment, the teacher must ensure that the learners’ needs are met in line with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The teacher must ensure that they can meet the learners’ basic needs of food, water, breaks, and hygienic toilet facilities. Then they must address the safety of the learning environment by carrying out a risk assessment. Part of the planning stage, the risk assessment should be completed for every course or lesson in line with Health and Safety at work Act (1974) (HASAWA) requirements and continually reviewed and updated (along with any safe work method statements). The teacher must know how to complete a dynamic risk assessment in case resources or the environment changes after they have completed the initial risk assessment. Facilitating icebreakers is an important part of the teacher role in order to create and maintain a supportive environment where learners feel a sense of belonging. Ground rules are also an important part of respecting each other and underpin appropriate behaviour. Finally, assessment and feedback will help to increase learner confidence and responsibility for learning to help learners achieve their ultimate goals. Word count: 1294 (not including questions) Bibliography Gravells, A.

Women s Rights During The American Revolution - 1961 Words

During the American Revolution, most women stayed home and sewed and cooked for their family and stayed subservient to their husbands. Some women went a step further and went to the front and nursed the wounded. At that time, women were not allowed to do a lot. A lot of women fought for their rights. Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams, helped plant the seeds that would start women and men thinking about women s rights and roles in a country that had been founded on the ideals of equality and independence.Abigail Adams was born Abigail Smith on November 22, 1744, in Weymouth, Massachusetts, a farm community about fifteen miles southeast of Boston. Her family on both sides had lived in the colonies for several generations and was well established in the most influential circles of society. Her father, William Smith, was a Harvard graduate who served as a minister in Weymouth. Her mother, Elizabeth Quincy Smith, was from a long line of prosperous, edu cated New Englanders. Abigail, with her two sisters, Mary and Betsy, and one brother, Billy, enjoyed a happy childhood growing up in the Weymouth mansion. The family was financially comfortable, complete with servants. The house was commonly busy and full of houseguests and children. Like most girls of her time, Abigail received no formal education. Girls were taught reading and writing primarily so that they could read their Bible and write letters, which would become an important part of herShow MoreRelatedHow The American Revolution Affected Women1155 Words   |  5 PagesHow the American Revolution Affected Women In order to fully understand the changes that women’s lifestyles underwent after the Revolution, one must first understand what the status of women was prior to the Revolution and what roles they played during and after the Revolution. Before the Revolution women were looked down upon as strictly domestic help. They were excluded from politics. They had to perform many dangerous tasks. A woman could not bring suit in court, sign a legally binding contractRead MoreWas The American Revolution Revolutionary?1549 Words   |  7 Pagesextent was the American Revolution revolutionary, one must define qualifications to accredit such a revolution. Is a revolution defined as a complete and utmost overthrow of an established government by a new regime? Or is a revolution defined as a subversive change in societal values/roles that changes the structures of a pre-existing social order? Or possibly both? In light of both definitions, one can evaluate that the American Revolution was indeed revolutionary because American colonists wereRead MoreWomen s Roles During The 19th Century1448 Words   |  6 Pagescivilization to the 19th century, women were viewed as breeding objects to their husbands, and they were caretakers of the house who were responsible for the cooking and cleaning in the residence. They were also accountable for taking care of children, making dinner for her husband, and throwing lavish parties that others envied. When the American Revolution began in 1765, women s roles began to change drastically. Men had to fight against the British, so women left the safety and security of theirRead MoreThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20’s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American nation, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20’s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentationRead MoreThe Birth Control Pill And The Sexual Revolution884 Words   |  4 PagesImagine a country with no sexual freedom, a limiting amount of rights, and no power for American women. This was the image that the United States portrayed around 60 years ago, not giving the same freedom that Americans can have today and express carelessly. During the 1960’s the United States experienced changes in its society that would affect the perspectives of future generations by turning our weaknesses into strengths. During this time, the United States encountered many movements and opportunitiesRead MoreAmerican Womens History1293 Words   |  6 Pages1. The American Revolution impacted almost every aspect of Native American, European American, and African American womens lives. The American Revolution severely affected Native American women, especially agriculturally. They were the farmers and gardeners of their tribes and the war damaged the soil so much so in some areas that farming was rendered impossible. Most Native Americans, including the women, sided with Britain during the war. Each tribal woman grew crops, when possible, forRead MoreEssay on Womens Role in Society in the 1800s728 Words   |  3 Pages AP American History Women’s Role in Society During the early 1800s women were stuck in the Cult of Domesticity. Women had been issued roles as the moral keepers for societies as well as the nonworking house-wives for families. Also, women were considered unequal to their male companions legally and socially. However, women’s efforts during the 1800’s were effective in challenging traditional intellectual, social, economical, and political attitudes about a women’s place in societyRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers : Women During The Struggle For America s Independence By Carol Berkin1612 Words   |  7 PagesRevolutionary Mothers: Women in the struggle for America’s independence by Carol Berkin. This comprised of details on women who had been involved in struggling to fulfill the independence of America. Women played their role at facing or creating impact towards the war. This outlines on myriad of women,s lives as well as getting to know the obstacles that they encountered during the war. This aids i n bringing out the idea that not only men who played vital roles during the war, but also women as being key charactersRead MoreThe American Revolution : Popular Culture Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesJocelyn Lopez Professor Scott Keys History 111 December 14, 2016 The American Revolution: Popular culture One of the most critical components that helped define the American Revolution was the convergence of political and economic rights into one setting. The American Revolution was a political uprising that took place between the years of 1765 and 1783. It was at this time that thirteen colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrowing the authority of Great Britain in orderRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 Pages*As the title indicates, this is a change/continuity AP essay written for World History class. Vaguely, the essay question was: Describe change and continuity in France from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s.*Like many other European nations in the 1700 s, France experienced a dramatic shift of sentiments against the monarchy, nobility, and Catholic Church as the people, fired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for equality, liberty, and democracy.

How Did Edgar Allan Poe Influence Literature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 379 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? Edgar Allan Poe, a writer who is most famously known for his gothic stories. Some believe he set the standards for scary stories and scary movies. Edgar Allan Poe had left Richmond to attend the University Of Richmond. He excelled in his classes but racked up students debts while attending the University. Since Poe could not support himself, as a result of this he enlisted into the United States of Americas Army. He later then pivoted his focus on his literary work. He then released multiple poems, and stories which created a new way of looking at scary stories. Mr.Poe released stories just by reading can give the reader goosebumps. He put a lot of creativity and imagination into the stories and still made them realistic. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Did Edgar Allan Poe Influence Literature" essay for you Create order Edgar Allan Poe died on October 7, 1849. Mr.Poe died a mysterious death, and what was even more mysterious is that it is said to say he was found dead in clothes that werent his. The day Mr.Poe was buried an obituary was released in the New York Tribune signed Ludwig. This piece was soon published throughout the country. Ludwig was soon found out to be Rufus Wilmot Griswold. Rufus was known as a nemesis of Poe. Rufus would release propaganda of Poe to reduce his popularity. Some of the fake news was that he was a drunk and a addict to opioids. To this day his death remains a mystery some think rabies, heart disease, epilepsy, or cholera. Poe was most famously known for his gothic themed stories. This really set the standard for scary stories and helped influence other artist. Beyond horror, Poe also wrote satires, humor tales, and hoaxes. For comic effect, he used irony and ludicrous extravagance, often in an attempt to liberate the reader from cultural conformity. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To that end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea. To this day he inspires people to be a great author just like him. Also his work is still read today in classes to show an example of literary work back then and the language used in this time.

Compare and Contrast of Slavery Essay - 1145 Words

Shymiak Johnson Intro to African American History Monday 5:30 pm – 9:30 pm HIST 221 ADC2 Professor Pate Overview: To see the differences and similarities in how slaves were treated in the Chesapeake, Low Country ( South Carolina), and Northern Colony regions. Intro: During 18th century slavery, three regions of the country had slight to very different lifestyles as well as small to very common similarities. Slavery during the 18th century influenced how slavery went forth for the next century and a half. In this essay I will compare and contrast 18th century slavery in the Chesapeake, Low Country (South Carolina and Georgia), and the Northern colonies. 1. Chesapeake Region a. The early years of slavery in the†¦show more content†¦Although the slaves had this independence, the white people still had a â€Å"Negro Watch† to enforce curfew on the black people there. 3. Northern Colonies k. The Northern colony slaves were perhaps the least like slaves of the three regions. One of the main differences was organized religion. There was also the fact that during the 18th century there slave population in the Northern Colonies was a mere 4.5% compared to the 40% and higher in the south. Slavery was less oppressive due to the Puritan religious principles of the Northern region. l. The slaves lived in the house with their master and his family. The slaves also worked along side the master, his family, and the other slaves on the small farms. Most had two slaves per household on the rare occasion there some estates that had 50 or 60. m. Slaves in the Northern colonies were allowed to become Artisans, Shopkeepers, Messengers, Domestic Servants, and General Laborers. New England slaves had a huge advantage over slaves in the other regions they could legally own, transfer, and inherit property. They also had the least opportunity to preserve their Afr ican heritage because of their easier conditions. They also had the highest amount of mulattoes. 4. The commonality between Chesapeake, Low Country, and the Northern Colonies is the fact that no matter what slaves were still deemed less than whites. They still had to abide by theShow MoreRelatedThe North And South Fought The Civil War811 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know whereRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. 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After the professor helped and guided me, I was able to learn how to properly compare the similarities and contrast the differences between two different documents. I chose to post my first writtenRead MoreLEQ1206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kevin Wang Mr. Nicholson AP US History, P.2 3 December 2014 LEQ 2.1.I.B: Comparison Question: Compare and contrast the time period prior to the development of the Atlantic slave trade and the time period right after its introduction and assess the impact of its emergence. To what extent did African slavery change American society? You may want to consider social, economic, and geographical. Prior to the Atlantic slave trade, the arable land along the South Atlantic seaboard were owned by wealthRead MoreCompare and contrast Thomas Jeffersons first Inaugural address and Hope and heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson1026 Words   |  5 Pages Nathan Giesenschlag 23 September 2013 Essay: Topic: Compare and Contrast â€Å"Thomas Jefferson’s first inaugural address† (Chapter 15 in Readings in United States History) and â€Å"Hope and Heritage: Myth and Thomas Jefferson†, (Chapter 14 in Readings in United States History) â€Å"Do you want to know who you are? DontRead MoreCompare/Contrast Douglass and Jacobs1607 Words   |  7 PagesCompare/Contrast Essay Gender Specific Perspectives of the African-American Slave; A Compare and Contrast Essay of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. 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U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate And Oil Price Free Essays

string(105) " due to the production restraint and the downward flexibleness is weak due to really little fringy cost\." Both U.S. Dollar exchange rate and the oil monetary value are foremost variables which coerce the patterned advance of the universe economic system. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate And Oil Price or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fluctuations in these variables deeply affect international trade and economic activities in all the states. Determination of the nexus between these cardinal variables is one of the critical issues, whether they are correlated or non. Is at that place any empirical grounds on the nexus between the variables? In this literature, I initiate by appraising all theoretical grounds that could clarify the relationship between U.S. Dollar exchange rate and oil monetary values. To get down with, as oil monetary value and oil trade is denominated in United State ‘s Dollars, motions in the effectual exchange rate of U.S. Dollar impact the monetary value of oil as alleged by all states outside United States. Therefore, fluctuation in the dollar exchange rate can arouse alterations in demand and supply of oil, which cause alterations in the oil monetary value. Second, the opposite tendency can besides be found, i.e. , oil monetary value fluctuation trigger alterations in effectual exchange rate. The ground can be found in the literatures on the effectual exchange rates. In the theoretical account proposed by Farquee ( 1995 ) , if a state stocks foreign assets, its effectual exchange rate appreciates and this motion occurs without hindering its current history balances. This is due to the ground that capital income absorbs the loss in trade grosss induced by the deteriorated fight. Change in oil monetary value affects all the universe instabilities and this induced alteration in international assets may hold an impact on effectual exchange rates of different states of the universe. Last but non the least, I take aggregation of different portfolio theoretical accounts, most significantly the 1s by Golub ( 1983 ) and Krugman ( 1983a ) which are developed to account for trade and fiscal interactions such as assistance and grants between United States, oil manufacturer states and the remainder of the universe particularly Europe. The comprehensive study of theoretical and empirical interactions between the two cardinal variables opens the manner for every possible nexus between the two variables either negative, positive and in both waies of causality. If there are some theoretical grounds for every possible nexus, so one has to be stronger than others. Therefore, the inquiry is to unknot the alternate theoretical account by facing to the informations. I hence, conduct an empirical survey of the relationship between dollar existent effectual exchange rate and the oil monetary values over the period straddling from 2007 to till day of the month. Prime focal point is on the long term relationship between these two vital variables. Among the possible account reviewed, the one affecting the equilibrium exchange rate is the exclusive account which fit the found relationship. The possible continuance of a long-run relationship between the dollar effectual exchange rate and oil monetary value assume causality between these variables. Earlier surveies show a causality way from oil monetary values to the U.S. dollar ( Amano and van Norden, 1995 among others ) . However, there are some statements which justify opposite way of causality i.e. , from U.S dollar to the oil monetary value. In this literature, I study the two types of causality and seek to measure the resulting of the relationship which determines the tendency of motion. The effectual dollar exchange rate has significant impact on the demand and supply of oil since it had influence on the monetary value of oil. The depreciation in the dollar reduces the monetary value of oil in the local markets of the states holding their several currencies under drifting exchange rate like Japan or Euro Zone. The states which have pegged their currency with the dollar have impersonal affect such as China. Generally, a lessening in the dollar exchange rate reduces the oil monetary value in the local markets of the consumer states. The lessening in monetary value of oil finally increases the demand for oil monetary value. This can be stated that dollar depreciation has positive impact on demand for oil and this addition demand contributes towards the rise in the monetary value of the oil. Oil companies use local currencies of manufacturer currencies to pay the fiscal liabilities and current fiscal duties such as rewards, revenue enhancements and other runing cost. These currencies are frequently linked or pegged to the dollar due to the fact that they fall in fixed-exchange rate governments adopted by most manufacturer states ( Frankel, 2003 ) . The alterations in monetary value of oil due to the alteration in the dollar exchange rate is less as estimated by the manufacturer states than estimated by the demander or consumer states. Necessary boring activities are linked straight to the oil monetary value. When oil monetary value addition, oil production besides addition by the manufacturer states to gain extra net incomes. This fact has been proved by different empirical surveies in states like North America, Latin American and Middle East. But this fact has non been proved true for African and European states. It is of import to that the relationship between boring a ctivities and oil monetary value in dollars has well changed since 1999. But it is difficult to happen that whether this alteration occur due to the debut of Euro currency in 1999 or due to the decrease in oil monetary value in 1998. Depreciation in the dollar monetary value novices rising prices ensuing decrease in the income of oil manufacturer states, the currencies which are pegged to the dollar. All the states are non affected in the say manner, states which mostly import from USA like OPEC is less affected than states than states which imports from Europe or Asia. Overall, depreciation in the dollar monetary value may cut down the supply of oil. On the short tally, supply is less or decrepit elastic to the monetary value in upward and downward way. The upward weak flexibleness is due to the production restraint and the downward flexibleness is weak due to really little fringy cost. You read "U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate And Oil Price" in category "Essay examples" Demand is besides inelastic in the short tally due to the deficiency of replacements available in the short tally ( Carnot and Hagege, 2004 ) . In short, demand and supply of oil in short is about inelastic in the short tally. Noticeable alterations in the supply and demand are chiefly discernible on the long term period. At this phase supply is more elastic due to the capableness of new investing and demand is more elastic due to the handiness of close replacements. By and large, a dollar effectual exchange rate depreciation cause an addition in the demand and supply of the oil significantly merely in the long tally, which tends to increase oil monetary value. The early old ages of 2000 ‘s period are an first-class illustration of this mechanism. Hagege and Carnot ( 2004 ) underlined that the addition in oil monetary values stems from two coincident factors on the one manus, incorrect appraisal of utmost demand for oil from United States and China. On the other manus, decreasing investing in the oil sector causes stagnancy in the capacity sweetening of oil supply. If this mechanism of demand and supply can right explicate the state of affairs of 2000s so this mechanism is unable to account for the relationship found in different empirical surveies. There are several groundss and grounds to believe that oil monetary value could impact dollar effectual exchange rate. Most frequent account of this impact that oil bring forthing states prefer fiscal investing in dollars ( Amano A ; van Norden, 1993 A ; 1995 ) . This model, explains that a haste in the oil monetary value boot the wealth of the oil manufacturer states which in bend addition the demand for dollar. Another account of this impact of oil monetary value on exchange rate can be found in the theoretical accounts such as Farguee ( 1995 ) and BEER theoretical account proposed by McDonald and Clark ( 1998 ) . In this attack, two independent variables are often used for explicating the exchange rate i.e. , net foreign investing and the footings of trade. A speedy initial concluding leads to a negative relation between oil monetary value and the dollar exchange rate. Addition in oil monetary value should deteriorate the United States footings of trade which consequences in the dollar monetary value depreciation. A more comprehensive account would let explicating the positive relationship normally found in the literature by taking in history the comparative consequence on the United States compared to its trade spouses. If United States is an of import oil importer, an oil monetary value addition can deteriorate its state of affairs, nevertheless, if US import less than some other states like Japan or Euro zone, its place may good better compared to the other states. In this state of affairs, addition in the oil monetary value would take to the grasp in the dollar monetary value comparatively to the hankering and the euro, finally it leads to grasp in effectual footings in dollar. In an attack proposed by Krugman ( 1983a ) uses a vivacious symmetricalness of model to pattern how manufacturer states use the gross of their oil exports in dollars. Change in demand for dollar will impact the dollar exchange rate. The proposed theoretical account can be expressed mathematically as: Ten = CY Where Ten = Oil monetary value denominated in dollar Y = Effective exchange rate of dollar C = Correlation Co-efficient This theoretical accounts help to find the correlativity between the oil monetary value and the effectual dollar exchange rate, either it is positive, negative or impersonal. This theoretical account besides explains the short term and long term impact of oil monetary value on the effectual exchange rate of the dollar and frailty versa. This empirical survey use monthly informations of oil monetary value denominated in the U.S dollar. Oil monetary values are expressed in existent footings and the exchange rate of dollar is effectual exchange rate. This survey tests the hypothesis at 5 % degree of significance. Hypothesis to be tested is as follows: Ho = There is a no correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rate of dollar H1 = There is a correlativity between the two variables. Ho = There is a negative correlativity between the two variables H1 = There is positive correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rate Above hypothesis are tested by Spearman rank correlativity utilizing SPSS, renowned statistical package. Data for this variable is collected through different beginnings such as Central Bank of Germany, Data Stream and Economagic which maintain the monthly norm informations of oil monetary value, effectual exchange rate and international gold monetary values. Sample size is of 42 values from each class. Oil monetary values and gold monetary values are denominated in the US dollar. Apparent observation of the natural information indicates the positive relation between oil monetary value and effectual dollar exchange rate. Testing The testing of the hypothesis is done through SPSS v.16. Econometric technique of Spearman Rank Correlation is applied as it falls in the categorization of non-parametric trial. The consequences of econometric analysis shows that there is a medium positive correlativity between the oil monetary value and effectual exchange rate of dollar as co-efficient of correlativity is 0.316 which means that 1 dollar or 1 percent addition in oil monetary value will increase 0.316 % in the effectual dollar exchange rate. The oil monetary values show more variableness as compared to the exchange rate. The graphical presentation of the original information is as follows: Graphic Presentation of Oil Price and Exchange Rate Above graph shows a general positive tendency between the two variables over the period crossing from January 2007 to October 2010. The graph besides reveals greater variableness in the oil monetary value and less in the exchange rate. The variables are assigned as OP referred to oil monetary value and ER referred to effectual exchange rate of US dollar. The tabulated consequences show that there is a somewhat negative correlativity between the oil monetary value and gold rate. If oil monetary value addition by 1 % gold monetary value will diminish by 0.05 per centum under the influence of oil monetary value. The graphical presentation of the original values of oil monetary value and gold rate are as follows: The tabulated consequences show that there is little positive correlativity between the gold rate and the oil monetary value which means that 1 % addition in the exchange rate gives 0.085 % addition in the gold rate. The graphical presentation of the original informations of gilded monetary value and the exchange rate is follows: Decision In this literature, I have tried to happen the nexus between the US dollar effectual exchange rate and existent oil monetary values. Overall this survey focal point on merely the US dollar effectual exchange rate and existent oil monetary values but subsequently one other critical factor besides included in the theoretical account which helps to happen the corresponding dealingss between the variables. This survey shows that there is a important relation between the existent oil monetary values and the effectual exchange rate. In the short tally, consequences may be reverse but in the long tally consequences are in support of earlier surveies, which concluded that there is positive relationship between the exchange rate and the effectual dollar exchange rate. The fluctuation in the oil monetary value is far more intense than the fluctuation in the oil monetary value. This phenomenon is evident through the tested results and the besides in the graphical presentation. The adjustment velocity of effectual exchange rate is less than the oil monetary value. Results besides reveal that addition in the oil monetary value will increase the net foreign assets of the United States of America. The states whose currency is pegged to the US dollar will endure less with the addition in the oil monetary value and those states who falls in the floating exchange rate is affected more. The consequences besides reveals the of import fact, which is that the United States of America is basking the benefits of low monetary value and cheapest oil based energy over the period of more than half century as oil monetary value is denominated and traded worldwide in the US dollar. The addition in the oil monetary value will increase the demand for more US dollars to purchase the same quantum of oil and this increased demand will impact the exchange rate of the state with regard to the US dollar and this addition the import measure of the several consumer states and the manufacturer states will bask the benefits of more wealth. 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Integration of Social Media in Recruitment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Integration of Social Media in Recruitment. Answer: Introduction Social media is one of the major concepts being evolved in the recent time in the business scenario. Social media is having huge number of active users and in the current time, the major portion of the global population is having the access to the social media. Thus, this impact of the social media cannot be avoided by the contemporary business organizations. In relation to this, managerial roles are now being influenced by the use of the information technologies such as social media (Mujtaba McFarlane, 2005). The approach of the managerial roles also got drastically changed from what it was a decade ago and now. This essay will discuss about the areas of management mostly affected by social media along with their positive and negative impacts. This essay will help to determine the extent to which management in the contemporary business organizations are being affected by the evolution of the social media. Organizing is one of the major management functions, which is affected by the use of social media. This is due to the reason that social media in the current time is the most effective information technology for the contemporary business organizations. According to Poba-Nzaou, Lemieux, Beaupre and Uwizeyemungu (2016), initiation of the social media is having major impacts on the performance management of the business organizations. The approach of the performance management is quite different for the earlier businesses and the contemporary businesses. The authors have also stated that the major benefit that is being gained by the contemporary managers is determining the requirements of the employees from their usage of social media. This can be possible due to the reason that social media reflects the expectations and requirement of the employees, which will further help the organizations to design the approach of the performance management. On the other hand, performance management strategies in the earlier times were being designed without much determination of the requirements and expectations of the employees. However, on the other hand, the authors have also stated social media is also posing challenges for the managers in the performance management. According to them, one of the major negative impacts of social media is the bad mouthing of the employees. In the earlier time, employees were having less options of publicizing their opinions in case of unfavorable performance management. However, in the recent time, evolution of the social media is providing more options for the employees to share their negative feedback in public. This will have negative impact on the goodwill of the organizations. Effect of social networking on leadership Leadership or leading the organization is another aspect of management that is affected by the social networking. This is due to the reason that in the current business scenario, leadership approach is more influenced by external factors than it was earlier. According to Sweetser and Kelleher (2011), emergence of the social media is increasing the external influencing factors for the leaders. One of the major benefits that can be gained from the use of the social media in leading the organization is the effective determination of the market trend and other stakeholders. Initiation of the social media is reducing the gap between the leaders and the audiences and thus the communication is much more effective than before. It is becomes more easy to determine the external factors and lead the organization accordingly. However, the authors have also stated some challenges also that can be faced by the leadership from the initiation of the social working. One of the major challenges will be the increase in the bargaining power of the external factors in leading the organization. In the current time, initiation of the social networking increased the vulnerability of the leaders in front of the external factors. It becomes important for the contemporary managers to be informative, communicative and consultative due the reason that all of their characteristics will get judged by the external factors through the social media. Therefore, emergence of the social networking is increasing the determining factors for the leadership roles in the organization. Leadership roles will get more deviated with the presence of more number of external factors. This will in turn lead to the emergence of more complexities in the decision making process for the leaders and in the management of the entire business. Human aspect of management Human aspect is one of the major areas for consideration for the contemporary business management. The current scenario is much more dependent on the skill sets of human resources in order to gain competitive advantages. According to Girard, Fallery and Rodhain (2014), recruitment and selection is one of the major impacted areas from the emergence of the social networking. In the current time, recruiters are tapping the social networking such as LinkedIn. This is enabling them to reach out to huge number of potential talents in shirt time. Thus, they are having more options to select the eligible candidates. It is also helping the recruiters to gauge the eligibility of the candidates from the trend of their usage of social media. Therefore, emergence of the social networking has changed the entre scenario of recruitment and selection. However, the authors have also stated that there are few negative points that can get emerged from the initiation of the social networking in the recruitment and selection process. One of the major challenges for recruiters is the false information provided in the social networking sites. There are various instances where the information given by the potential candidates in the social networking sites are not true. Thus, it is a challenge for the recruiters in the current time to determine the authenticity of the information of the candidates. More risks are associated in the recruitment and selection process (Khatri et al. 2015). With the initiation of the social media, organizations are having the risk of negative branding from the potential candidates due to the issues in the process of recruitment and selection. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that emergence of social media is having extensive impact on the existing management scenario. However, the impacts are both positive as well as negative for the businesses. This essay discussed about different positive and negative impacts of social media in the business management and the extent to which the existing management approach got changed due to this. It can be concluded that social media is an inevitable subject in the current time and it cannot be avoided. Therefore, the management mechanism should be designed in such a way that it will be able to cut off the negative impacts and leverage the positive impacts. Reference Girard, A., Fallery, B., Rodhain, F. (2014). Integration of social media in recruitment: a delphi study. InSocial Media in Human Resources Management(pp. 97-120). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Khatri, C., Chapman, S.J., Glasbey, J., Kelly, M., Nepogodiev, D., Bhangu, A., Fitzgerald, J.E. and STARSurg Committee, 2015. Social media and internet driven study recruitment: evaluating a new model for promoting collaborator engagement and participation.PloS one,10(3), p.e0118899. Mujtaba, B. and McFarlane, A.D., 2005. Traditional and Virtual Performance Management Functions in the Age of Information Technology.The Review of Business Information Systems,9(3), p.53. Poba-Nzaou, P., Lemieux, N., Beaupr, D., Uwizeyemungu, S. (2016). Critical challenges associated with the adoption of social media: A Delphi of a panel of Canadian human resources managers.Journal of Business Research,69(10), 4011-4019. Sweetser, K. D., Kelleher, T. (2011). A survey of social media use, motivation and leadership among public relations practitioners.Public Relations Review,37(4), 425-428.